Severe acute kidney injury can be lethal if not properly managed, although the question states that this patient’s death was secondary to a cardiac arrhythmia, likely due to damage sustained from ischemia during cardiac arrest. This is not uncommon after several weeks. Most patients with ATN will experience tubular re-epithelialization and spontaneous full recovery. Two weeks after his initial cardiac arrest, the oliguria and azotemia resolved, representing the recovery of acute tubular necrosis. The diagnosis of ATN is supported by his oliguria, azotemia, and urinary granular casts. This was most likely due to severe renal ischemia due to impaired cardiac output. E- Six weeks ago, this patient developed acute renal failure and ischemia-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the setting of cardiac arrest due to underlying coronary artery disease.The lower end of the confidence interval is thus 130 – (1.96 x 5), which equals 120.2, and the higher end of the confidence interval is 130 + (1.96 x 5) which equals 139.8. B- The formula for a 95% confidence interval for data that follow a normal distribution is x̅ +/- (1.96 x Standard Error), where x̅ is the mean.

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